Biology (DOST JLSS Reviewer)

This Biology Practice Test is comprised of 50 random questions from General Biology. It is comprised of questions from topics such as Cell/Cell Cycle/Cell Transport System; Energy Transformation; Organismal Biology; Genetics; and Evolution. Please read the questions carefully and choose the correct answer from the choices below. The correct answer will be marked green; otherwise, it will be marked red. Good luck!

Which of the following substances is unable to diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Carbon dioxide, because the large size of the molecules.

Water, because water molecules participate in hydrogen bonding.

Sodium, because ions have charge.

Oxygen, because oxygen molecules are polar.

The following is an excerpt from a scientific paper written by Levy et al.

The plant cell wall is a barrier to virus exit from and entry into cells. Thus, successful infection requires that plant viruses encode movement proteins to transport the viral genome locally cell-to-cell within a leaf and on into the vascular system, through which the virus will systematically invade the plant.

Which of the following best predicts how movement proteins help plant viruses travel from one plant cell to another?

Movement proteins increase the surface area of plasma membranes between plant cells.

Movement proteins increase the permeability of the plasmodesmata between plant cells.

Movement proteins increase the movement of transport vesicles between plant cells.

Movement proteins increase the movement of vacuoles between plant cells.

Which correctly places the stages of mitosis in order?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, cytokinesis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

metaphase, prophase, interphase, telophase

Fill in the blanks: Proteins are made of different ____________ which are arranged in different orders, or _________________.

mRNA, bases

amino acids, sequences

ribosomes, tRNAs

polymers, monomers

Which of the following statements is true regarding anabolism?

In anabolism, larger molecules are made from smaller molecules.

Energy is released during anabolic reactions.

Anabolism uses the process of hydrolysis to join molecules together.

Anabolism is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell.

Why is DNA important?

because we eat it every day for energy

it's in everything

it is very small and very complicated

it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

Which of the following is true of diffusion?

Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until particles are equally distributed in all areas of the solution.

Diffusion of particles against the concentration gradient will occur until all the particles have dissolved.

Diffusion of particles against the concentration gradient will occur until random motion occurs.

Diffusion of particles along the concentration gradient will occur until the particles move fully from one side of the solution to the other.

What type of microscope would be most effective for studying a living cell?

Transmission electron microscope

Magnifying glass

Scanning electron microscope

Light microscope

Which of the following correctly describes the structure and function of the cell wall in plants?

The cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose. It supports the cell, allowing it to maintain a rigid shape.

The cell wall is composed mainly of collagen. It allows for fluid movement of the cell.

The cell wall is composed mainly of collagen. It supports the cell, allowing it to maintain a rigid shape.

The cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose. It allows for fluid movement of the cell.

A gray wolf's sperm contains 39 chromosomes. He mates with a female gray wolf. How many chromosomes will there be in the resulting zygote?

19.5

156

What is true of a competitive inhibitor?

It has a structure similar to the substrate.

It has the same mass as the substrate.

It forms the same products as the substrate.

It binds with the enzyme in a place other than the active site.

The flower of a plant is involved in reproduction. Which parts are male and which are female?

Male: ovary; female: stamen

Male: style; female: filament

Male: stamen; female: pistil

Male: xylem; female: anther

Which component of a nucleotide contains the information needed to make proteins?

phosphate

deoxyribose sugar

amino acid

base

Which of the following choices describes a function of the plasma membrane? Choose all answers that apply.

Synthesizing proteins

Separating the interior of the cell and the exterior of the cell

Receiving cell signals

Controlling the passage of various molecules

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

Carbon dioxide exchanging between muscle cells and red blood cells

Oxygen exchanging between red blood cells and liver cells

Sodium being reabsorbed in the kidney

Water moving out of the small intestine

Pepstatin binds to the enzyme pepsin. The substrate is still able to bind to the active site, but the reaction is blocked. What is this an example of?

Noncompetitive inhibition

Allosteric activation

Compartmentalization

Competitive inhibition

A mutation occurs in the chloroplasts of a lettuce plant, causing its thylakoid membranes to become more permeable to charged ions. How might this mutation affect the Calvin cycle?

There would be no change to the Calvin cycle.

More carbohydrates would be produced by the Calvin cycle.

Fewer carbohydrates would be produced by the Calvin cycle.

How is ATP hydrolysis used to power other cellular reactions?

It acts as an enzymatic catalyst.

It produces water which is used to fuel other reactions.

It is coupled with endergonic reactions.

It adds a phosphate to ADP.

The fossil of Archaeopteryx represents the evidence of origin of:

mammals from birds.

birds from reptiles.

mammals from reptiles.

reptiles from amphibians.

Some substances such as sugars, amino acids, and ions move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using special proteins embedded in the membrane. Which of the following terms applies to this type of cell transport?

Endocytosis

Facilitated diffusion

Osmosis

Active transport

Amoeba proteus is a species of amoeba that gets its energy by engulfing small, unicellular organisms with its membrane. It then digests these organisms using internal vesicles. What is the name of the process used by Amoeba proteus to get its energy?

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Exocytosis

Apoptosis

Which of the following are roles of amino acids at an enzyme's active site?

Changing the enzyme itself

Converting the enzyme to receive a different substrate

Preventing the substrate from entering the chemical reaction

Binding the substrate to the enzyme

Which of the following statements is true regarding the energy source used in primary vs. secondary active transport?

Both primary and secondary active transport use an electrochemical gradient.

Both primary and secondary active transport use chemical energy like ATP.

Primary active transport uses an electrochemical gradient, while secondary active transport uses chemical energy such as ATP.

Primary active transport uses chemical energy such as ATP, while secondary active transport uses an electrochemical gradient.

Which of the following is true regarding carrier protein transport?

The outward cotransport of glucose and sodium across epithelial cells into the bloodstream is an example of symport.

Both symport and antiport move molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

The movement of a single glucose molecule along its gradient using a channel protein channel is known as antiport.

The coupling of the inward movement of Na+ with the outward movement of Ca+ is an example of uniport.

Tahira placed a collection of red blood cells into a container filled with an unknown solution. Once in the container, Tahira noticed that the red blood cells swelled and some of them burst. What type of solution were the red blood cells placed in?

A hypertonic solution

A hypotonic solution

An isotonic solution

Starch turns a blue-black color in the presence of iodine. Julian decides to use this information to test the permeability of some dialysis tubing. He fills the tubing with a starch solution and places it in a beaker of iodine and water. After two hours, the starch solution in the dialysis tubing turns blue-black. The iodine solution remains the same color (it doesn't change colors). What do Julian's results show about the permeability of the tubing?

The dialysis tubing is permeable to iodine but not to starch.

The dialysis tubing is permeable to starch but not to iodine.

The dialysis tubing is not permeable to starch or iodine.

The membrane is permeable to both starch and iodine.

A genetic mutation causes a snake to have brown skin. After many generations, most of the snake population has the brown skin mutation. Which of the following most likely caused this change?

The other snakes changed their colors to mimic the brown snake.

The same mutation occurred in other snakes in response to environmental conditions.

Snakes with the brown skin mutation are able to survive and reproduce more successfully than snakes without it.

All the snakes in the area were infected with the mutation.

Which of the following statements best describes eukaryote chromosomes compared to prokaryote chromosomes?

Eukaryotes generally have a single linear chromosome, while prokaryotes have a multiple-strand chromosomes.

Prokaryotes generally have multiple linear chromosomes, while eukaryotes have a single-stranded circular chromosome.

Eukaryotes generally have multiple linear chromosomes, while prokaryotes have a single-stranded circular chromosome.

Prokaryotes typically have a single linear chromosome, while eukaryotes typically have multiple circular chromosomes.

How can substances be transported across a membrane against their concentration gradient?

The plasma membrane is fully hydrophobic.

Some membrane proteins are ATP-dependent carrier molecules.

Some membrane proteins act as channels for specific molecules to enter the cell.

The plasma membrane is permeable to all small molecules.

The enzyme ptyalin helps digest carbohydrates, while the enzyme pepsin helps digest proteins. What prevents ptyalin and pepsin from digesting the same type of food?

One is a protein and the other is a carbohydrate.

They require a different number of molecules to react.

They have the same amino acids chain.

They have different shapes.

Organisms in temperate zones are able to time their activities to cues given by the photoperiod, since:

All organisms have a biological clock.

All organisms need time to rest.

Light is a limiting factor.

Day length is always constant for a specific locality and season.

The following table indicates the presence or absence of selected traits for a set of animal species. The data about which trait provides the strongest evidence that all of the animal species in the table share a common ancestor?

rotating shoulder

four limbs

epidermal scales

mammary glands

Some snakes, like boa constrictors, have small non-functional leg bones near their tail ends. What term best describes the leg bones found in these snakes?

Analogous structures

Homologous structures

Fossil structures

Vestigial structures

Which of the following are components of adenosine triphospate (ATP)?

Ribose, an adenine base, and a triphosphate group.

Ribose, a cytosine base, and a triphosphate group

Deoxyribose, an adenine base, and a triphosphate group

Deoxyribose, a cytosine base, and a triphosphate group

Which symbiotic relationship is described by one individual benefiting and the other being neither harmed nor benefited?

Competition

Parasitism

Commensalism

Mutualism

Which of the following describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

The sodium-potassium pump process begins when potassium attaches to the pump, which hydrolyzes ATP.

Potassium cannot attach to the pump until the sodium ions detach from the pump.

After ATP hydrolysis occurs, the phosphate group attaches to the pump before the sodium ions.

Sodium and potassium ions bind to the pump at the same time, and then sodium is released.

What is the primary function of cofactors?

To aid in enzyme function

To synthesize enzymes

To break down old enzymes

To inhibit enzymes

A pigeon zygote contains 80 chromosomes. How many chromosomes did the zygote receive from its mother?

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous dominant genotype?

Which of the following correctly describes meiosis?

Meiosis begins with a diploid parent cell and ends with two diploid daughter cells.

Meiosis begins with a haploid parent cell and ends with four haploid daughter cells.

Meiosis begins with a diploid parent cell and ends with four haploid daughter cells.

Meiosis begins with a haploid parent cell and ends with two haploid daughter cells.

Ptyalin is an enzyme produced in the:

Thyroid glands

Pancreas

Salivary glands

Pituitary glands

The U shaped pipe shown in the figure below is divided with a membrane that is only permeable to water. Which of the following best describes how water will flow through the membrane?

Water will flow from side B into side A.

The water levels are already equal so water will not flow through the semipermeable membrane.

Water will flow from side A into side B.

Emma believes viruses are not living organisms while Kayla believes viruses are living organisms. Who is correct and why?

Emma, because viruses contain nucleic acid and proteins

Kayla, because viruses grow and replicate

Kayla, because viruses are considered a type of living cell

Emma, because viruses cannot reproduce on their own.

Even though humans are approximately 99.9 % 99.9%99, point, 9, percent identical in their genetic makeup, an incredible amount of variation is seen among individuals of the species. This genetic variation is greatly influenced by the process of meiosis. Of the following events that occur during meiosis, which contributes most to genetic diversity in the human population?

Condensation of chromatin during meiosis I

Recombination between homologous chromatids during meiosis I

Alignment of sister chromatids at the metaphase plate during meiosis II

Separation of sister chromatids during meiosis II

Several genes are responsible for preventing cells from dividing when conditions are not right. Two examples are tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?

A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer.

Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells.

When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.

Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells.

Which statement is true of enzymes?

Changes in temperature do not affect enzymes.

Enzymes work independent of substrate concentration.

Enzymes are non-specific.

The activity of an enzyme might change as pH changes.

Photosynthesis can be divided into two steps: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. Which of the following is true regarding these two steps?

The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane, and the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.

During the light-dependent reactions, carbon dioxide is fixed to produce sugars that form glucose.

The Calvin cycle converts water molecules into oxygen gas as a byproduct of its reactions.

The light-dependent reactions use ATP from the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle uses energy from absorbed sunlight.

What is the relationship between anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Anabolic and catabolic pathways are interchangeable.

Anabolic pathways create complex molecules using the energy from catabolic pathways.

Molecules broken down by anabolic pathways provides energy for catabolic pathways.

Catabolic pathways synthesize complex molecules that are destroyed by anabolism.

A student is examining a whitefish blastula cell under a microscope. Based on his observations, the student proposes that the whitefish blastula cell is in interphase. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the student’s claim?

A cleavage furrow has formed on the cell’s surface.

The mitotic spindle is fully assembled, with its poles at opposite ends of the cell.

The genetic content of the cell exists as dispersed chromatin.

Sister chromatids have separated and are moving toward opposite poles of the cell.

A group of students are studying flower color inheritance in the garden pea plant (Pisum sativum). They obtain a purple-flowered pea plant of unknown ancestry, allow it to self-pollinate, and collect 60 6060 of its seeds. After planting the seeds, they observe the growth of 42 4242 purple-flowered plants and 18 1818 white-flowered plants.

Which of the following best explains the flower colors seen in the offspring?

Purple flowers and white flowers are codominant.

The flower color changes as the plants mature.

White flower color is a trait recessive to purple flower color.

A somatic mutation in the flower color gene produced the white flower color.